In writing a research paper, take careful note of its parts. The research paper has at least nine essential parts although, of course, there may be additional parts depending on the discretion of your instructor. The basic principle to consider in writing research paper is that you should first consider and familiarize yourself with the “works” of others and then try to compare them with your ideas.

1. Title Page

Oftentimes referred to as the cover page, this section is where you indicate the title of your research, your name, institutional information and a few other relevant information prescribed by your instructor.

2. Introduction

Introduce to your reader the “problem” by providing a brief background of your research. Include the basic reasons how and why you came-up with the problem, and the probable solutions that you can offer. In general, the introduction summarizes the purpose of the research paper.

3. Literature Review

This section is where you will be providing all the relevant readings from previous works. Provide brief summaries or descriptions of the works of other authors. Make sure that your research materials are from credible sources such as academic books and peer-reviewed journals. Also, make sure that your reading materials are directly relevant to the topic of your research paper. The literature review typically includes the names of the authors, the titles of their works and the year of the publication of these works.

4. Methodology

This section is where you will be providing the methods that you will be using in your research. Typical methodologies include laboratory experiments, statistical or mathematical calculations/computations, and comparison of existing literature.

5. Data Analysis

This section is where you will be analyzing the data that you have obtained from the methodological operation that you have chosen. Depending on the type of your research paper, data analysis instruments and operations may vary. Common data analysis methods include but are not limited to SWOT Analysis (Strengths, Weakness, Opportunities and Threats) which is a form of a qualitative data analysis.

6. Results

This section is where you will be presenting the actual results of the analysis that you have made based on your chosen methodology.

7. Discussion

This is where you will be discussing more of the results of your research, its implications on other fields as well as the possible improvements that can be made in order to further develop the concerns of your research. This is also the section where you need to present the importance of your study and how it will be able to contribute to the field.

8. Conclusion

Provide the conclusion to your research paper. While it is important to restate your general thesis in this section, it is also important to include a brief restatement of the other parts of the research paper such as the methodology, data analysis and results.

9. Reference Page

This section is where you list down all the academic materials you have used as sources of information in your research paper. Typical reference formats/styles include but are not limited to APA 5th, Harvard, MLA and Chicago/Turabian.

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How to Write Body Paragraphs. In essays of any kind, body paragraphs are essential. These are where you provide your supporting arguments to your thesis. These are also where you write your refutations or rebuttals against the challenges to your claim. In short, they serve as the very “meat” of your essay. Here are several tips on how to write the body paragraphs of your essay.

• Stick to your topic sentence. The first sentence of the paragraph should be the idea that you want to develop within the same paragraph. Use it as a guide in writing your succeeding sentences. Avoid drifting away from your topic sentence as doing so may confuse your readers or, worse, lose the coherence of your essay. Take note of the key words in your topic sentence as these will help you develop the rest of the sentences in the paragraph.
• Keep the paragraph within 5 to 7 sentences. Let’s face it. Nobody wants to read a very long essay. Thus, keep your paragraphs at just the ideal length. The challenge, then, is to write what only needs to be written. Avoid cluttering your sentences with unnecessary words and phrases. Skip anything that is irrelevant or that doesn’t make any clear sense. Always remember that your essay need not be very long just to make a valid point. Write to primarily to express, not to impress, unless you’re told to do so.
• Maintain transitions between paragraphs. To achieve this, you should end a paragraph using a sentence [a "transition" sentence] that smoothly connects to the first sentence of the next paragraph. In other words, end a paragraph with an idea that logically leads to the idea in the succeeding paragraph. This will make your paragraphs read tight and interconnected which, apparently, saves your essay from reading like a couple of distinct paragraphs simply lumped together.
• Have a logical flow of sentences within paragraphs. Since your first sentence is your topic sentence, continue with the next sentence by developing the idea from the first. Do the same pattern for the rest of the sentences until you reach the transition sentence. For example, if your topic sentence is “Blue looks more beautiful than red,” the next sentence should develop that idea by saying “Blue has admirable visual characteristics that red does not have”. Following that sentence, you may proceed by writing that “Blue has the characteristic of looking relaxing to the eyes”. And so on. Having a logical flow of sentences allows your reader to follow your arguments closely and understand better what it is that you are trying to say.

These are just some of the tips on how to write the body paragraphs of your essay. Always remember: to stick to your topic sentence, to keep the paragraph between 5 to 7 sentences, to maintain transitions between paragraphs, and to have a logical flow of sentences within paragraphs. Follow these tips on how to write the body paragraphs of your essay and you’ll certainly send your message clearly and effectively.

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A lot of styles of writing exist and there are plenty of ways to format an essay. For example, academic writing and informal writing are two different types of styles that both take careful attention. One difference between the two essays is that academic writing tends to put more emphasis on how the essay is physically structured, such as in the format and layout, as well as on how the words are organized. In contrast, informal writing, such as speeches for political events, are not scrutinized as much since the only thing that’s actually looked at is the content of the essay speech.

However, if you’re just starting to write essays for college or you’re putting one together for different reason, there are three basic parts to an essay that should go in every one. Each one will be broken down in detail, but first, one should begin with an introduction. Second, the body of the paragraph should be laid out. Finally, the conclusion or recap of the essay should be written.

• The Introduction:

Introductions are one of the most important parts to any essay that you’re writing. Not only do essays briefly cover the topics that one will be writing about throughout the whole paper, but it’s also meant to capture the thesis statement of the entire paper. The thesis, which is only one or two sentences and is the claim for your paper, essentially lays out your whole paper’s format. In other words, one’s thesis should be their guide, being sure that each paragraph connects somehow to their claim.

• The Body of an Essay:

After the introduction has been written the body of the essay is written next. The body of one’s essay is essentially the meat and potatoes or filling of the whole essay. Said another way, whoever is reading or listening to your essay actually wants to hear what you have to say in the body of your essay.

While writing it, it’s really important that each paragraph has something to do with your thesis, as mentioned above. In addition, each paragraph of the body should begin with a topic sentence, which can be thought of as a little mini-thesis that gets backed up by everything that is written in the paragraph you’re working on. The body of an essay usually has three paragraphs, but can contain more if you have more items or proofs to back up your thesis.

• The Ending:

Finally, the conclusion of the paragraph goes next and is the final step of writing an essay. In essence, the conclusion is perhaps one of the easier parts of writing an essay because all that has to be done is the summarization of the entire paper. After you have written your introduction and body of the essay you will want to provide a brief and concise summary of everything you have discussed and of all the major points, as well as connect it back to your original thesis statement. Since the items that many people remember about essays are the last, your conclusion should be powerful enough to reach out to any doubters of your audience.

Everything laid out here is very important to tackle when writing as essay for high school, college, or even if you’re giving a speech in your adult life. Each part of the essay, the introduction, body, and conclusion, are all important to an essay and nothing in them should be left out. If followed, the steps to take while writing an essay can be easy and rewarding in the end!

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